golang string and byte

type string

string is the set of all strings of 8-bit bytes, conventionally but not necessarily representing UTF-8-encoded text. A string may be empty, but not nil. Values of string type are immutable.

type stringStruct struct {
    str unsafe.Pointer
    len int
}

func gostringnocopy(str *byte) string {
	ss := stringStruct{str: unsafe.Pointer(str), len: findnull(str)}
	s := *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&ss))
	return s
}

type slice struct {
	array unsafe.Pointer
	len   int
	cap   int
}

s := "A1" // 分配存储"A1"的内存空间，s结构体里的str指针指向这快内存
s = "A2"  // 重新给"A2"的分配内存空间，s结构体里的str指针指向这快内存

s := []byte{1} // 分配存储1数组的内存空间，s结构体的array指针指向这个数组。
s = []byte{2}  // 将array的内容改为2

func stringtoslicebyte(buf *tmpBuf, s string) []byte {
	var b []byte
	if buf != nil && len(s) <= len(buf) {
		*buf = tmpBuf{}
		b = buf[:len(s)]
	} else {
		b = rawbyteslice(len(s))
	}
	copy(b, s)
	return b
}

func rawstring(size int) (s string, b []byte) {
	p := mallocgc(uintptr(size), nil, false)

	stringStructOf(&s).str = p
	stringStructOf(&s).len = size

	*(*slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)) = slice{p, size, size}

	return
}

func slicestringcopy(to []byte, fm string) int {
	if len(fm) == 0 || len(to) == 0 {
		return 0
	}

	n := len(fm)
	if len(to) < n {
		n = len(to)
	}

	if raceenabled {
		callerpc := getcallerpc()
		pc := funcPC(slicestringcopy)
		racewriterangepc(unsafe.Pointer(&to[0]), uintptr(n), callerpc, pc)
	}
	if msanenabled {
		msanwrite(unsafe.Pointer(&to[0]), uintptr(n))
	}

	memmove(unsafe.Pointer(&to[0]), stringStructOf(&fm).str, uintptr(n))
	return n
}

func slicebytetostring(buf *tmpBuf, b []byte) string {
	l := len(b)
	if l == 0 {
		// Turns out to be a relatively common case.
		// Consider that you want to parse out data between parens in "foo()bar",
		// you find the indices and convert the subslice to string.
		return ""
	}
	if raceenabled && l > 0 {
		racereadrangepc(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0]),
			uintptr(l),
			getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&buf)),
			funcPC(slicebytetostring))
	}
	if msanenabled && l > 0 {
		msanread(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0]), uintptr(l))
	}
	s, c := rawstringtmp(buf, l)
	copy(c, b)
	return s
}

func rawstringtmp(buf *tmpBuf, l int) (s string, b []byte) {
	if buf != nil && l <= len(buf) {
		b = buf[:l]
		s = slicebytetostringtmp(b)
	} else {
		s, b = rawstring(l)
	}
	return
}

package string_slicebyte_test

import (
	"log"
	"reflect"
	"testing"
	"unsafe"
)

func stringtoslicebyte(s string) []byte {
	sh := (*reflect.StringHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
	bh := reflect.SliceHeader{
		Data: sh.Data,
		Len:  sh.Len,
		Cap:  sh.Len,
	}
	return *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&bh))
}

func slicebytetostring(b []byte) string {
	bh := (*reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
	sh := reflect.StringHeader{
		Data: bh.Data,
		Len:  bh.Len,
	}
	return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&sh))
}

func TestStringSliceByte(t *testing.T) {
	s1 := "abc"
	b1 := []byte("def")
	copy(b1, s1)
	log.Println(s1, b1)

	s := "hello"
	b2 := stringtoslicebyte(s)
	log.Println(b2)
    // b2[0] = byte(99) unexpected fault address

	b3 := []byte("test")
	s3 := slicebytetostring(b3)
	log.Println(s3)
}